Note

This documentation is for a prior release of Kinetica. For the latest documentation, click here.

Configuration Reference

Kinetica configuration consists of several user-modifiable system parameters present in /opt/gpudb/core/etc/gpudb.conf that are used to set up and tune the system.

Version

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
file_version	`7.1.9.33.20240405124617`	The current version of this configuration. This param is automatically updated by Kinetica and should not be edited manually.

Identification

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
ring_name	`ring0`	Name of the ring containing the high availability clusters.
cluster_name	`cluster0`	Name of the cluster containing all the nodes of the database.

Hosts

Specify each unique host in the cluster. Each host runs a local instance of HostManager, which manages database services and components that are part of the Kinetica install.

Host settings are defined as follows:

host<#>.<parameter>

Any number of hosts may be configured, starting with host0, and must be specified in consecutive order (e.g., host0, host1, host2).

Note

For public_address & host_manager_public_url, if either parameter is to be specified, that parameter must be specified for all hosts.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
host0.address	`127.0.0.1`	Host parameters include the following: address : The unique address for this host. Single host clusters may use 127.0.0.1. This field is required. public_address : An optional public address that clients should use when performing multi-head operations. ha_address : An optional address to allow inter-cluster communication with HA when address is not routable between clusters. host_manager_public_url: An optional public URL that can be used to access HostManager endpoints. See host_manager_http_port. ram_limit : An optional upper limit for RAM (in bytes) on this host, capping the amount of memory that all Kinetica processes are allowed to consume. Use `-1` for no limit. gpus : An optional comma-separated list of GPUs (as reported by NVML) that may be reserved by Kinetica services (e.g., ranks, graph server, ML, etc.). Leave empty to make all GPUs available for use. The same failover caveat with the RAM limit also applies. accepts_failover : Whether or not this host should accept failed processes that need to be migrated off degraded hosts. Default is to not accept failed processes.
host0.public_address
host0.ha_address
host0.host_manager_public_url
host0.ram_limit	`-1`
host0.gpus
host0.accepts_failover	`false`

Ranks

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
rank0.host	`host0`	Specify the host on which to run each rank worker process in the cluster. Multiple ranks may run on the same host. If a rank is specified with an empty host entry, it is effectively disabled (i.e., removed from the cluster) and no persisted data for this rank will be loaded even if present on any host. (e.g. 'rank2.host = host1' to run rank2 on host1)
rank1.host	`host0`
rank2.host	`host0`

Network

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
head_ip_address	`${gaia.host0.address}`	Head HTTP server IP address. Set to the publicly accessible IP address of the first process, rank0.
head_port	`9191`	Head HTTP server port to use for head_ip_address.
use_https	`false`	Set to `true` to use HTTPS; if `true` then https_key_file and https_cert_file must be provided
https_key_file		Files containing the SSL private Key and the SSL certificate for. If required, a self signed certificate (expires after 10 years) can be generated via the command: openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -new -nodes -x509 \ -days 3650 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem
https_cert_file
http_allow_origin	`*`	Value to return via Access-Control-Allow-Origin HTTP header (for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing). Set to empty to not return the header and disallow CORS.
http_keep_alive	`false`	Keep HTTP connections alive between requests
enable_httpd_proxy	`false`	Start an HTTP server as a proxy to handle LDAP and/or Kerberos authentication. Each host will run an HTTP server and access to each rank is available through http://host:8082/gpudb-1, where port `8082` is defined by httpd_proxy_port. Note HTTP external endpoints are not affected by the use_https parameter above. If you wish to enable HTTPS, you must edit the `/opt/gpudb/httpd/conf/httpd.conf` and setup HTTPS as per the Apache httpd documentation at https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/
httpd_proxy_port	`8082`	TCP port that the httpd auth proxy server will listen on if enable_httpd_proxy is `true`.
httpd_proxy_use_https	`false`	Set to `true` if the httpd auth proxy server is configured to use HTTPS.
trigger_port	`9001`	Trigger ZMQ publisher server port (`-1` to disable), uses the head_ip_address interface.
set_monitor_port	`9002`	Set monitor ZMQ publisher server port (`-1` to disable), uses the head_ip_address interface.
set_monitor_proxy_port	`9003`	Set monitor ZMQ publisher internal proxy server port (`-1` to disable), uses the head_ip_address interface. Important Disabling this port effectively prevents worker nodes from publishing set monitor notifications when multi-head ingest is enabled (see enable_worker_http_servers).
set_monitor_queue_size	`1000`	Set monitor queue size
enable_reveal	`true`	Enable Reveal runtime
global_manager_port_one	`5552`	Internal communication ports
global_manager_pub_port	`5553`	Host manager synchronization port
global_manager_local_pub_port	`5554`	Local host manager port
host_manager_http_port	`9300`	HTTP port for web portal of the host manager
enable_worker_http_servers	`true`	Enable worker HTTP servers; each process runs its own server for multi-head ingest.
rank1.worker_http_server_port	`9192`	Optionally, specify the worker HTTP server ports. The default is to use (head_port + rank #) for each worker process where rank number is from `1` to number of ranks in rank<#>.host below.
rank2.worker_http_server_port	`9193`
rank0.public_url		Optionally, specify a public URL for each worker HTTP server that clients should use to connect for multi-head operations. Note If specified for any ranks, a public URL must be specified for all ranks. Cannot be used in conjunction with nplus1.
rank1.public_url
rank2.public_url
rank0.communicator_port	`6555`	Specify the TCP ports each rank will use to communicate with the others. If the port for any rank<#> is not specified the port will be assigned to rank0.communicator_port + rank #.
rank1.communicator_port	`6556`
rank2.communicator_port	`6557`
compress_network_data	`false`	Enables compression of inter-node network data transfers.

Security

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
require_authentication	`false`	Require authentication.
enable_authorization	`false`	Enable authorization checks.
min_password_length	`0`	Minimum password length.
enable_external_authentication	`false`	Enable external (LDAP, Kerberos, etc.) authentication. User IDs of externally-authenticated users must be passed in via the `REMOTE_USER` HTTP header from the authentication proxy. May be used in conjuntion with the enable_httpd_proxy setting above for an integrated external authentication solution. Important DO NOT ENABLE unless external access to Kinetica ports has been blocked via firewall AND the authentication proxy is configured to block `REMOTE_USER` HTTP headers passed in from clients.
external_authentication_handshake_key		Encrypted key that, if specified, must be passed in unencrypted via the `KINETICA_HANDSHAKE_KEY` HTTP header from the authentication proxy if a `REMOTE_USER` HTTP header is also passed in. A missing or incorrect handshake key will result in rejection of the request.
unified_security_namespace	`false`	Use a single namespace for internal and external user IDs and role names. If false, external user IDs must be prefixed with `@` to differentiate them from internal user IDs and role names (except in the `REMOTE_USER` HTTP header, where the `@` is omitted).
auto_create_external_users	`false`	Automatically create accounts for externally-authenticated users. If enable_external_authentication is `false`, this setting has no effect. Note that accounts are not automatically deleted if users are removed from the external authentication provider and will be orphaned.
auto_grant_external_roles	`false`	Automatically add roles passed in via the `KINETICA_ROLES` HTTP header to externally-authenticated users. Specified roles that do not exist are ignored. If enable_external_authentication is `false`, this setting has no effect. Important DO NOT ENABLE unless the authentication proxy is configured to block `KINETICA_ROLES` HTTP headers passed in from clients.
auto_revoke_external_roles		Comma-separated list of roles to revoke from externally-authenticated users prior to granting roles passed in via the `KINETICA_ROLES` HTTP header, or `` to revoke all roles. Preceding a role name with an `!` overrides the revocation (e.g. `,!foo` revokes all roles except `foo`). Leave blank to disable. If either enable_external_authentication or auto_grant_external_roles is `false`, this setting has no effect.

External Security

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
security.external.ranger.url		URL of Ranger REST API. E.g., https://localhost:6080/ Leave blank for no Ranger Server
security.external.ranger.service_name	`kinetica`	Name of the service created on the Ranger Server to manage this Kinetica instance
security.external.ranger.cache_minutes	`60`	Maximum minutes to hold on to data from Ranger
security.external.ranger_authorizer.address	`ipc://${gaia.temp_directory}/gpudb-ranger-0`	The network URI for the ranger_authorizer to start. The URI can be either TCP or IPC. TCP address is used to indicate the remote ranger_authorizer which may run at other hosts. The IPC address is for a local ranger_authorizer. Example addresses for remote or TCP servers: tcp://127.0.0.1:9293 tcp://HOST_IP:9293 Example address for local IPC servers: ipc:///tmp/gpudb-ranger-0
security.external.ranger_authorizer.timeout	`120`	Ranger Authorizer timeout in seconds
security.external.ranger_authorizer.remote_debug_port	`0`	Remote debugger port used for the ranger_authorizer. Setting the port to `0` disables remote debugging. Note Recommended port to use is `5005`

Auditing

This section controls the request auditor, which will audit all requests received by the server in full or in part based on the settings below. The output location of the audited requests is controlled via settings in the Auditing section of gpudb_logger.conf.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_audit	`false`	Controls whether request auditing is enabled. If set to `true`, the following information is audited for every request: Job ID, URI, User, and Client Address. The settings below control whether additional information about each request is also audited. If set to `false`, all auditing is disabled.
audit_headers	`false`	Controls whether HTTP headers are audited for each request. If enable_audit is `false` this setting has no effect.
audit_body	`false`	Controls whether the body of each request is audited (in JSON format). If enable_audit is `false` this setting has no effect. Note For requests that insert data records, this setting does not control the auditing of the records being inserted, only the rest of the request body; see audit_data below to control this.
audit_data	`false`	Controls whether records being inserted are audited (in JSON format) for requests that insert data records. If either enable_audit or audit_body is `false`, this setting has no effect. Note Enabling this setting during bulk ingestion of data will rapidly produce very large audit logs and may cause disk space exhaustion; use with caution.
audit_response	`false`	Controls whether response information is audited for each request. If enable_audit is `false` this setting has no effect.
lock_audit	`false`	Controls whether the above audit settings can be altered at runtime via the /alter/system/properties endpoint. In a secure environment where auditing is required at all times, this should be set to `true` to lock the settings to what is set in this file.

Licensing

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
license_key		The license key to authorize running.

Processes and Threads

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
min_http_threads	`8`	Set min number of web server threads to spawn. (default: `8`)
max_http_threads	`512`	Set max number of web server threads to spawn. (default: `512`)
sm_omp_threads	`2`	Set the number of parallel jobs to create for multi-child set calculations. Use `-1` to use the max number of threads (not recommended).
kernel_omp_threads	`4`	Set the number of parallel calculation threads to use for data processing. Use `-1` to use the max number of threads (not recommended).
init_tables_num_threads_per_tom	`8`	Set the maximum number of threads per tom for table initialization on gpudb startup
max_tbb_threads_per_rank	`-1`	Set the maximum number of threads (both workers and masters) to be passed to TBB on initialization. Generally speaking, max_tbb_threads_per_rank - `1` TBB workers will be created. Use `-1` for no limit.
toms_per_rank	`1`	Set the number of TOMs (data container shards) per rank
tps_per_tom	`-1`	Size of the worker rank data thread pool. This includes operations such as inserts, updates, and deletes on table data. NB multi-head inserts are not affected by this limit.
tcs_per_tom	`-1`	Size of the worker rank processing thread pool. This is primarily used for computation-based operations such as aggregates and record retrieval.
subtask_concurrency_limit	`-1`	Maximum number of simultaneous threads allocated to a given request, on each rank. Note that thread allocation may also be limted by resource group limits and/or system load.

Hardware

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
rank0.gpu	`0`	Specify the GPU to use for all calculations on the HTTP server node, rank0. Note The rank0 GPU may be shared with another rank.
rank1.taskcalc_gpu		Set the GPU device for each worker rank to use. If no GPUs are specified, each rank will round-robin the available GPUs per host system. Add rank<#>.taskcalc_gpu as needed for the worker ranks, where # ranges from `1` to the highest rank # among the rank<#>.host parameters Example setting the GPUs to use for ranks 1 and 2: rank1.taskcalc_gpu = 0 rank2.taskcalc_gpu = 1
rank2.taskcalc_gpu
rank0.numa_node		Set the head HTTP rank0 numa node(s). If left empty, there will be no thread affinity or preferred memory node. The node list may be either a single node number or a range; e.g., `1-5,7,10`. If there will be many simultaneous users, specify as many nodes as possible that won't overlap the rank1 to rankN worker numa nodes that the GPUs are on. If there will be few simultaneous users and WMS speed is important, choose the numa node the rank0.gpu is on.
rank1.base_numa_node		Set each worker rank's preferred base numa node for CPU affinity and memory allocation. The rank<#>.base_numa_node is the node or nodes that non-data intensive threads will run in. These nodes do not have to be the same numa nodes that the GPU specified by the corresponding rank<#>.taskcalc_gpu is on for best performance, though they should be relatively near to their rank<#>.data_numa_node. There will be no CPU thread affinity or preferred node for memory allocation if not specified or left empty. The node list may be a single node number or a range; e.g., `1-5,7,10`.
rank2.base_numa_node
rank1.data_numa_node		Set each worker rank's preferred data numa node for CPU affinity and memory allocation. The rank<#>.data_numa_node is the node or nodes that data intensive threads will run in and should be set to the same numa node that the GPU specified by the corresponding rank<#>.taskcalc_gpu is on for best performance. If the rank<#>.taskcalc_gpu is specified the rank<#>.data_numa_node will be automatically set to the node the GPU is attached to, otherwise there will be no CPU thread affinity or preferred node for memory allocation if not specified or left empty. The node list may be a single node number or a range; e.g., `1-5,7,10`.
rank2.data_numa_node

General

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
default_ttl	`20`	Time-to-live in minutes of non-protected tables before they are automatically deleted from the database.
disable_clear_all	`true`	Disallow the /clear/table request to clear all tables.
pinned_memory_pool_size	`250000000`	Size in bytes of the pinned memory pool per-rank process to speed up copying data to the GPU. Set to `0` to disable.
concurrent_kernel_execution	`true`	Enable (if `true`) multiple kernels to run concurrently on the same GPU
max_concurrent_kernels	`0`	Maximum number of kernels that can be running at the same time on a given GPU. Set to `0` for no limit. Only takes effect if concurrent_kernel_execution is `true`
force_host_filter_execution	`false`	If `true` then all filter execution will be host-only (i.e. CPU). This can be useful for high-concurrency situations and when PCIe bandwidth is a limiting factor.
max_get_records_size	`20000`	Maximum number of records that data retrieval requests such as /get/records and /aggregate/groupby will return per request.
request_timeout	`20`	Timeout (in minutes) for filter-type requests
on_startup_script		Set an optional executable command that will be run once when Kinetica is ready for client requests. This can be used to perform any initialization logic that needs to be run before clients connect. It will be run as the `gpudb` user, so you must ensure that any required permissions are set on the file to allow it to be executed. If the command cannot be executed or returns a non-zero error code, then Kinetica will be stopped. Output from the startup script will be logged to `/opt/gpudb/core/logs/gpudb-on-start.log` (and its dated relatives). The `gpudb_env.sh` script is run directly before the command, so the path will be set to include the supplied Python runtime. Example: on_startup_script = /bin/ks arg1 arg2 ...
enable_predicate_equi_join	`true`	Enable predicate-equi-join filter plan type
enable_overlapped_equi_join	`true`	Enable overlapped-equi-join filters
timeout_startup_subsystem	`60`	Timeout (in seconds) to wait for each database subsystem to startup. Subsystems include the Query Planner, Graph, Stats, & HTTP servers, as well as external text-search ranks.
timeout_shutdown_subsystem	`20`	Timeout (in seconds) to wait for each database subsystem to exit gracefully before it is force-killed.
cluster_event_timeout_startup_rank	`300`	Timeout (in seconds) to wait for a rank to start during a cluster event (ex: failover) event is considered failed.
timeout_shutdown_rank	`300`	Timeout (in seconds) to wait for a rank to exit gracefully before it is force-killed. Machines with slow disk drives may require longer times and data may be lost if a drive is not responsive.

Visualization

Several of these options interact when determining the system resources required for visualization. Worker ranks use F(N+1) bytes of GPU memory (VRAM) and F bytes of main memory (RAM) where:

F = max_heatmap_size * max_heatmap_size * 6 bytes
N = opengl_antialiasing_level

For example, when max_heatmap_size is 3072, and opengl_antialasing_level is 0, 56.6 MB of VRAM are required. When opengl_antialasing_level is 4, 283 MB are required.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
point_render_threshold	`100000`	Threshold number of points (per-TOM) at which point rendering switches to fast mode.
symbology_render_threshold	`10000`	Threshold for the number of points (per-TOM) after which symbology rendering falls back to regular rendering
max_heatmap_size	`3072`	Maximum heatmap size (in pixels) that can be generated. This reserves max_heatmap_size ² * 8 bytes of GPU memory at rank0
symbol_resolution	`100`	The image width/height (in pixels) of svg symbols cached in the OpenGL symbol cache.
symbol_texture_size	`4000`	The width/height (in pixels) of an OpenGL texture which caches symbol images for OpenGL rendering.
enable_opengl_renderer	`true`	If `true`, enable hardware-accelerated OpenGL renderer; if `false`, use the software-based Cairo renderer.
opengl_antialiasing_level	`0`	The number of samples to use for antialiasing. Higher numbers will improve image quality but require more GPU memory to store the samples on worker ranks. This affects only the OpenGL renderer. Value may be `0`, `4`, `8` or `16`. When `0` antialiasing is disabled. The default value is `0`.
rendering_precision_threshold	`30`	Single-precision coordinates are used for usual rendering processes, but depending on the precision of geometry data and use case, double precision processing may be required at a high zoom level. Double precision rendering processes are used from the zoom level specified by this parameter, which is corresponding to a zoom level of TMS or Google map service.
enable_lod_rendering	`true`	Enable level-of-details rendering for fast interaction with large WKT polygon data. Only available for the OpenGL renderer (when enable_opengl_renderer is `true`).
enable_vectortile_service	`false`	If `true`, enable Vector Tile Service (VTS) to support client-side visualization of geospatial data. Enabling this option increases memory usage on ingestion.
min_vectortile_zoomlevel	`1`	Input geometries are pre-processed upon ingestion for faster vector tile generation. This parameter determines the zoom level from which the vector tile pre-processing starts. A vector tile request for a lower zoom level than this parameter takes additional time because the vector tile needs to be generated on the fly.
max_vectortile_zoomlevel	`4`	Input geometries are pre-processed upon ingestion for faster vector tile generation. This parameter determines the zoom level at which the vector tile pre-processing stops. A vector tile request for a higher zoom level than this parameter takes additional time because the vector tile needs to be generated on the fly.
vectortile_map_tiler	`google`	The name of map tiler used for Vector Tile Service. `google` and `tms` map tilers are supported currently. This parameter should be matched with the map tiler of clients' vector tile renderer.
lod_data_extent	`-180 -90 180 90`	Longitude and latitude ranges of geospatial data for which level-of-details representations are being generated. The parameter order is: <min_longitude> <min_latitude> <max_longitude> <max_latitude> The default values span over the world, but the level-of-details rendering becomes more efficient when the precise extent of geospatial data is specified.
lod_subregion_num	`12 6`	The number of subregions in horizontal and vertical geospatial data extent. The default values of `12 6` divide the world into subregions of 30 degree (lon.) x 30 degree (lat.)
lod_subregion_resolution	`512 512`	A base image resolution (width and height in pixels) at which a subregion would be rendered in a global view spanning over the whole dataset. Based on this resolution level-of-details representations are generated for the polygons located in the subregion.
max_lod_level	`8`	The maximum number of levels in the level-of-details rendering. As the number increases, level-of-details rendering becomes effective at higher zoom levels, but it may increase memory usage for storing level-of-details representations.
lod_preprocessing_level	`5`	The extent to which shape data are pre-processed for level-of-details rendering during data insert/load or processed on-the-fly in rendering time. This is a trade off between speed and memory. The higher the value, the faster level-of-details rendering is, but the more memory is used for storing processed shape data. The maximum level is `10` (most shape data are pre-processed) and the minimum level is `0`.

Video

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
video_default_ttl	`-1`	System default TTL for videos. Time-to-live (TTL) is the number of minutes before a video will expire and be removed, or -1 to disable.
video_max_count	`-1`	The maximum number of videos to allow on the system. Set to 0 to disable video rendering. Set to -1 to allow an unlimited number of videos.
video_temp_directory	`${gaia.temp_directory}/gpudb-temp-videos`	Directory where video files should be temporarily stored while rendering. Only accessed by rank 0.

GAdmin

GAdmin is a web-based UI for administering the Kinetica DB and system.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_tomcat	`true`	Enable Tomcat web-server for the GAdmin UI

Workbench

Workbench is a web-based UI for managing database objects and writing rich SQL workbooks in Kinetica.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_workbench	`true`	Start the Workbench app on the head host when host manager is started.
workbench_port	`8000`	HTTP server port for Workbench if enabled.

Text Search

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_text_search	`false`	Enable text search capability within the database.
use_external_text_server	`true`	Use the production capable external text server instead of a lightweight internal server which should only be used for light testing. Note The internal text server is deprecated and may be removed in future versions.
text_indices_per_tom	`2`	Number of text indices to start for each rank
text_searcher_refresh_interval	`20`	Searcher refresh intervals - specifies the maximum delay (in seconds) between writing to the text search index and being able to search for the value just written. A value of `0` insures that writes to the index are immediately available to be searched. A more nominal value of `100` should improve ingest speed at the cost of some delay in being able to text search newly added values.
rank1.text_index_address	`ipc://${gaia.temp_directory}/gpudb-text-index-1`	External text server addresses to use if use_external_text_server is `true`. Specify one for each worker rank<#>, where # ranges from `1` to highest index in rank<#>.host. Add the appropriate number of rank<#>.text_index_address for each worker rank as needed. The addresses can be a fully qualified TCP address:port for remote servers or an IPC address for local text index servers. If no addresses are specified, the text index servers will use IPC and be started on the machine where the rank is running as shown in the IPC example below. You should either specify all addresses or none to get the defaults. Example for remote or TCP servers: rank1.text_index_address = tcp://127.0.0.1:4000 rank2.text_index_address = tcp://127.0.0.1:4001 ... up to rank<N>.text_index_address = ... Example for local IPC servers: rank1.text_index_address = ipc:///tmp/gpudb-text-index-1 rank2.text_index_address = ipc:///tmp/gpudb-text-index-2 ... up to rank<N>.text_index_address = ... Where `/tmp/gpudb-text-index-1` is the name of the socket file to create.
rank2.text_index_address	`ipc://${gaia.temp_directory}/gpudb-text-index-2`

Persistence

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
persist_directory	`/opt/gpudb/persist`	Specify a base directory to store persistence data files.
sms_directory	`${gaia.persist_directory}`	Base directory to store hashed strings.
text_index_directory	`${gaia.persist_directory}`	Base directory to store the text search index.
temp_directory	`${gaia.persist_directory}/tmp`	Directory for Kinetica to use to store temporary files. Must be a fully qualified path, have at least 100Mb of free space, and execute permission.
persist_sync	`false`	Whether or not to use synchronous persistence file writing. If `false`, files will be written asynchronously.
indexdb_flush_immediate	`false`	Flush the row store in persist after every update.
metadata_flush_immediate	`false`	Flush metadata files in persist after every update.
fsync_on_interval	`false`	Fsync the row store in persist whenever files are asynchronously flushed to disk. See persist_sync_time for setting the interval.
fsync_indexdb_immediate	`false`	Fsync the row store in persist after every update to ensure it is fully written.
fsync_metadata_immediate	`false`	Fsync the metadata files in persist after every update to ensure it is fully written.
fsync_metadata_rank0_immediate	`true`
fsync_inodes_immediate	`false`	Fsync directories in persist after every update to ensure filesystem toc is up to date.
metadata_store_pool_size	`128`	Maximum number of open metadata stores per rank.
metadata_store_sync_mode	`normal`	Sync mode to use when persisting metadata stores to disk: `off` : Turn off synchronous writes by default `normal` : Use normal synchronous writes by default `full` : Use full synchronous writes by default
synchronous_compression	`false`	Compress data in memory immediately (or in the background) when compression is applied to an existing table's column(s) via /alter/table
persist_sync_time	`5`	The maximum time in seconds a secondary column store persist data file can be out of sync with memory. Set to a very high number to disable forced syncing.
load_vectors_on_start	`on_demand`	Startup data-loading scheme: `always` : load as much of the stored data as possible into memory before accepting requests `lazy` : load the necessary data to start, and load as much of the remainder of the stored data as possible into memory lazily `on_demand` : only load data as requests use it
build_pk_index_on_start	`always`
build_materialized_views_on_start	`always`
max_auto_view_updators	`3`	Maximum number of active automatic view updators
indexdb_toc_size	`1000000`	Table of contents size for IndexedDb object file store
indexdb_max_open_files	`128`	Maximum number of open files for IndexedDb object file store
indexdb_tier_by_file_length	`false`	Disable detection of sparse file support and use the full file length which may be an over-estimate of the actual usage in the persist tier.
sms_max_open_files	`128`	Maximum number of open files (per-TOM) for the SMS (string) store
chunk_size	`8000000`	Number of records per chunk (`0` disables chunking)
execution_mode	`device`	Determines whether to execute kernels on host (CPU) or device (GPU). Possible values are: `default` : engine decides `host` : execute only host `device` : execute only device <rows> : execute on the host if chunked column contains the given number of rows or fewer; otherwise, execute on device.
shadow_cube_enabled	`true`	Whether or not to enable chunk caching
shadow_agg_size	`500000000`	The maximum number of bytes in the shadow aggregate cache
shadow_filter_size	`500000000`	The maximum number of bytes in the shadow filter cache

Monitoring / Statistics

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_stats_server	`true`	Run a statistics server to collect information about Kinetica and the machines it runs on.
event_server_internal	`true`	Use the internal event and metric server on the head host server if true, otherwise use the Kagent services. Note that Kagent installs will automatically set this value to false.
event_server_address	`${gaia.host0.address}`	Event collector server address and port.
event_server_port	`9080`	Event collector server address and port.
enable_promtail	`false`	Enable running promtail to parse and send logs to the event_server_address.
alertmanager_address	`${gaia.event_server_address}`	Alertmanager server address and port.
alertmanager_port	`9089`	Alertmanager server address and port.
fluentbit_address		Fluentbit TCP server address and port with a json format parser.
fluentbit_port	`5170`

Procs

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_procs	`false`	Enable procs (UDFs)
proc_directory	`/opt/gpudb/procs`	Directory where proc files are stored at runtime. Must be a fully qualified path with execute permission. Python virtual environment installations are also persisted in this directory and can be referenced by executing procs.
proc_data_directory	`/opt/gpudb/procs`	Directory where data transferred to and from procs is written. Must be a fully qualified path with sufficient free space for required volume of data.

Graph Servers

One or more graph servers can be created across available hosts.

Global Parameters

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_graph_server	`false`	Enable/Disable all graph operations
graph.head_port	`8100`	Port used for responses from the graph server to the database server.

Server-Specific Parameters

Any number of graph servers may be configured, starting with server0, and must be specified in consecutive order (e.g., server0, server1, server2).

Server settings are defined as follows:

graph.server<#>.<parameter>

Configuration Parameter Default Value Description

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
graph.server0.host	`host0`	Valid parameter names include: host : Host on which the graph server process will be run. port : Ports used for requests from the database server to the graph server(s). Either all ports (one per graph server) should be specified or a single starting value that will be incremented for each subsequent graph. ram_limit : Maximum RAM memory (bytes) a server can use at any given time Default is `0`, which uses rank ram tier limits to limit memory See the Tiered Storage section for tier limit details Example of two graph servers, server1 has a specified RAM limit: graph.head_port = 8099 graph.server0.host = host2 graph.server1.host = host4 graph.server0.ram_limit = 0 graph.server1.ram_limit = 500000000
graph.server0.ram_limit	`0`

graph.server0.host

host0

Valid parameter names include:

host : Host on which the graph server process will be run.
port : Ports used for requests from the database server to the graph server(s). Either all ports (one per graph server) should be specified or a single starting value that will be incremented for each subsequent graph.
ram_limit : Maximum RAM memory (bytes) a server can use at any given time Default is 0, which uses rank ram tier limits to limit memory See the Tiered Storage section for tier limit details

Example of two graph servers, server1 has a specified RAM limit:

graph.head_port = 8099
graph.server0.host = host2
graph.server1.host = host4
graph.server0.ram_limit = 0
graph.server1.ram_limit = 500000000

graph.server0.ram_limit 0

Etcd

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
etcd_urls		List of accessible etcd server URLs.
etcd_auth_user		Encrypted login credential for Etcd at given URLs.

HA

Enable/Disable HA from here. All other parameters will be in etcd at the address specified in the relevant section above.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_ha	`false`	Enable HA.

Machine Learning (ML)

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_ml	`false`	Enable the ML server.
ml_api_port	`9187`	default ML API service port number

Alerts

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
enable_alerts	`true`	Enable the alerting system.
alert_exe		Executable to run when an alert condition occurs. This executable will only be run on rank0 and does not need to be present on other nodes.
alert_host_status	`true`	Trigger an alert whenever the status of a host or rank changes.
alert_host_status_filter	`fatal_init_error`	Optionally, filter host alerts for a comma-delimited list of statuses. If a filter is empty, every host status change will trigger an alert.
alert_rank_status	`true`	Trigger an alert whenever the status of a rank changes.
alert_rank_status_filter	`fatal_init_error, not_responding, terminated`	Optionally, filter rank alerts for a comma-delimited list of statuses. If a filter is empty, every rank status change will trigger an alert.
alert_rank_cuda_error	`true`	Trigger an alert if a CUDA error occurs on a rank.
alert_rank_fallback_allocator	`true`	Trigger alerts when the fallback allocator is employed; e.g., host memory is allocated because GPU allocation fails. Note To prevent a flooding of alerts, if a fallback allocator is triggered in bursts, not every use will generate an alert.
alert_error_messages	`true`	Trigger generic error message alerts, in cases of various significant runtime errors.
alert_memory_percentage	`20, 10, 5, 1`	Trigger an alert if available memory on any given node falls to or below a certain threshold, either absolute (number of bytes) or percentage of total memory. For multiple thresholds, use a comma-delimited list of values.
alert_memory_absolute
alert_disk_percentage	`20, 10, 5, 1`	Trigger an alert if available disk space on any given node falls to or below a certain threshold, either absolute (number of bytes) or percentage of total disk space. For multiple thresholds, use a comma-delimited list of values.
alert_disk_absolute
alert_max_stored_alerts	`100`	The maximum number of triggered alerts guaranteed to be stored at any given time. When this number of alerts is exceeded, older alerts may be discarded to stay within the limit.
trace_directory	`${gaia.temp_directory}`	Directory where the trace event and summary files are stored. Must be a fully qualified path with sufficient free space for required volume of data.
trace_event_buffer_size	`1000000`	The maximum number of trace events to be collected

Postgres Proxy Server

Start an Postgres(TCP) server as a proxy to handle postgres wire protocol messages.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
postgres_proxy.port	`5432`	TCP port that the postgres proxy server will listen on if enable_postgres_proxy is `true`.
postgres_proxy.min_threads	`2`	Set min number of server threads to spawn. (default: `2`)
postgres_proxy.max_threads	`64`	Set max number of server threads to spawn. (default: `64`)
postgres_proxy.max_queued_connections	`1`	Set max number of queued server connections. (default: `1`)
postgres_proxy.idle_connection_timeout	`300`	Set idle connection timeout in seconds. (default: `300`)
postgres_proxy.ssl	`false`	Set to `true` to use SSL; if `true` then ssl_key_file and ssl_cert_file must be provided
postgres_proxy.ssl_key_file		Files containing the SSL private Key and the SSL certificate for. If required, a self signed certificate (expires after 10 years) can be generated via the command: openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -new -nodes -x509 \ -days 3650 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem
postgres_proxy.ssl_cert_file

SQL Engine

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
sql.enable_planner	`true`	Enable Query Planner
sql.planner.address	`ipc://${gaia.temp_directory}/gpudb-query-engine-0`	The network URI for the query planner to start. The URI can be either TCP or IPC. TCP address is used to indicate the remote query planner which may run at other hosts. The IPC address is for a local query planner. Example for remote or TCP servers: sql.planner.address = tcp://127.0.0.1:9293 sql.planner.address = tcp://HOST_IP:9293 Example for local IPC servers: sql.planner.address = ipc:///tmp/gpudb-query-engine-0
sql.planner.remote_debug_port	`0`	Remote debugger port used for the query planner. Setting the port to `0` disables remote debugging. Note Recommended port to use is `5005`
sql.planner.max_memory	`4096`	The maximum memory for the query planner to use in Megabytes.
sql.planner.max_stack	`6`	The maximum stack size for the query planner threads to use in Megabytes.
sql.planner.timeout	`120`	Query planner timeout in seconds
sql.planner.workers	`16`	Max Query planner threads
sql.results.caching	`true`	Enable query results caching
sql.results.cache_ttl	`60`	TTL of the query cache results table
sql.force_binary_joins	`false`	Perform joins between only 2 tables at a time; default is all tables involved in the operation at once
sql.force_binary_set_ops	`false`	Perform unions/intersections/exceptions between only 2 tables at a time; default is all tables involved in the operation at once
sql.plan_cache_size	`4000`	The maximum number of entries in the SQL plan cache. The default is `4000` entries, but the configurable range is `1` - `1000000`. Plan caching will be disabled if the value is set outside of that range.
sql.result_cache_size	`4000`	Maximum number of entries in the SQL result cache. The default is `4000`
sql.rule_based_optimization	`true`	Enable rule-based query rewrites
sql.cost_based_optimization	`false`	Enable the cost-based optimizer
sql.distributed_joins	`true`	Enable distributed joins
sql.distributed_operations	`true`	Enable distributed operations
sql.parallel_execution	`true`	Enable parallel query evaluation
sql.max_parallel_steps	`4`	Max parallel steps
sql.paging_table_ttl	`20`	TTL of the paging results table
sql.max_view_nesting_levels	`16`	Max allowed view nesting levels. Valid range (`1`-`64`)
sql.metadata_workers	`16`	Max Query metadata helper threads

AI

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
ai.api.provider	`sqlgpt`	AI API provider type.
ai.api.url		AI API URL. The default is `https://sqlgpt.io/api/sql/suggest`
ai.api.key		AI API key.
ai.api.connection_timeout	`60`	AI API connection timeout in seconds

External Files

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
external_files_directory	`${gaia.persist_directory}`	Defines the directory from which external files can be loaded
external_file_reader_num_tasks	`-1`	Maximum number of simultaneous threads allocated to a given external file read request, on each rank. Note that thread allocation may also be limited by resource group limits, the subtask_concurrency_limit setting, or system load.
egress_single_file_max_size	`10000`	Max file size (in MB) to allow saving to a single file. May be overridden by target limitations.
egress_parquet_compression	`snappy`	Parquet files compression type
kafka.batch_size	`1000`	Maximum number of records to be ingested in a single batch
kafka.wait_time	`30`	Maximum wait time (seconds) to buffer records received from kafka before ingestion
kafka.poll_timeout	`0`	Maximum time (milliseconds) for each poll to get records from kafka
system_metadata.stats_retention_days	`21`	System metadata catalog settings
system_metadata.stats_aggr_rowcount	`10000`
system_metadata.stats_aggr_time	`1`

Tiered Storage

Defines system resources using a set of containers (tiers) in which data can be stored, either on a temporary (memory) or permanent (disk) basis. Tiers are defined in terms of their maximum capacity and water mark thresholds. The general format for defining tiers is:

tier.<tier_type>.<config_level>.<parameter>

where tier_type is one of the five basic types of tiers:

vram : GPU memory
ram : Main memory
disk : Disk cache
persist : Permanent storage
cold : Extended long-term storage

Each tier can be configured on a global or per-rank basis, indicated by the config_level:

default : global, applies to all ranks, must be accessible by all hosts
rank<#> : local, applies only to the specified rank, overriding any global default

If a field is not specified at the rank<#> level, the specified default value applies. If neither is specified, the global system defaults will take effect, which vary by tier.

The parameters are also tier-specific and will be listed in their respective sections, though every tier, except Cold Storage, will have the following:

limit : [ -1, 1 .. N ] (bytes)
high_watermark : [ 1 .. 100 ] (percent)
low_watermark : [ 1 .. 100 ] (percent)

Note

To disable watermark-based eviction, set the low_watermark and high_watermark values to 100. Watermark-based eviction is also ignored if the tier limit is set to -1 (no limit).

Global Tier Parameters

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
tier.global.concurrent_wait_timeout	`600`	Timeout in seconds for subsequent requests to wait on a locked resource
tier.global.defer_cache_object_evictions_to_disk	`true`	If true, the tier manager will prioritize the eviction of persistent objects within a given tier priority.

VRAM Tier

The VRAM Tier is composed of the memory available in one or multiple GPUs per host machine.

A default memory limit and eviction thresholds can be set for CUDA-enabled devices across all ranks, while one or more ranks may be configured to override those defaults.

The general format for VRAM settings:

tier.vram.[default|rank<#>].all_gpus.<parameter>

Configuration Parameter Default Value Description

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
tier.vram.default.all_gpus.limit	`-1`	Valid parameter names include: limit : The maximum VRAM (bytes) per rank that can be allocated on GPU(s) across all resource groups. Default is `-1`, signifying to reserve 95% of the available GPU memory at startup. high_watermark : VRAM percentage used eviction threshold. Once memory usage exceeds this value, evictions from this tier will be scheduled in the background and continue until the low_watermark percentage usage is reached. Default is `90`, signifying a 90% memory usage threshold. low_watermark : VRAM percentage used recovery threshold. Once memory usage exceeds the high_watermark, evictions will continue until memory usage falls below this recovery threshold. Default is `80`, signifying an 80% memory usage threshold.
tier.vram.default.all_gpus.high_watermark	`90`
tier.vram.default.all_gpus.low_watermark	`80`

tier.vram.default.all_gpus.limit

-1

Valid parameter names include:

limit : The maximum VRAM (bytes) per rank that can be allocated on GPU(s) across all resource groups. Default is -1, signifying to reserve 95% of the available GPU memory at startup.
high_watermark : VRAM percentage used eviction threshold. Once memory usage exceeds this value, evictions from this tier will be scheduled in the background and continue until the low_watermark percentage usage is reached. Default is 90, signifying a 90% memory usage threshold.
low_watermark : VRAM percentage used recovery threshold. Once memory usage exceeds the high_watermark, evictions will continue until memory usage falls below this recovery threshold. Default is 80, signifying an 80% memory usage threshold.

tier.vram.default.all_gpus.high_watermark 90

tier.vram.default.all_gpus.low_watermark 80

RAM Tier

The RAM Tier represents the RAM available for data storage per rank.

The RAM Tier is NOT used for small, non-data objects or variables that are allocated and deallocated for program flow control or used to store metadata or other similar information; these continue to use either the stack or the regular runtime memory allocator. This tier should be sized on each machine such that there is sufficient RAM left over to handle this overhead, as well as the needs of other processes running on the same machine.

A default memory limit and eviction thresholds can be set across all ranks, while one or more ranks may be configured to override those defaults.

If any ranks on a host has the default memory limit (-1), their maximum allocation will be calculated as follows:

Head Node Rank0: 10% of system memory Other ranks: 70% of system memory / # worker ranks
Worker Node Worker ranks: 80% of system memory / # worker ranks

The general format for RAM settings:

tier.ram.[default|rank<#>].<parameter>

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
tier.ram.default.limit	`-1`	Valid parameter names include: limit : The maximum RAM (bytes) per rank that can be allocated across all resource groups. Default is `-1`, signifying to automatically set the maximum capacity as a portion of total system memory or the host limit. high_watermark : RAM percentage used eviction threshold. Once memory usage exceeds this value, evictions from this tier will be scheduled in the background and continue until the low_watermark percentage usage is reached. Default is `90`, signifying a 90% memory usage threshold. low_watermark : RAM percentage used recovery threshold. Once memory usage exceeds the high_watermark, evictions will continue until memory usage falls below this recovery threshold. Default is `80`, signifying an 80% memory usage threshold.
tier.ram.default.high_watermark	`90`
tier.ram.default.low_watermark	`80`
tier.ram.rank0.limit	`-1`	The maximum RAM (bytes) for processing data at rank 0. Overrides the overall default RAM tier limit.

Disk Tier

Disk Tiers are used as temporary swap space for data that doesn't fit in RAM or VRAM. The disk should be as fast or faster than the Persist Tier storage since this tier is used as an intermediary cache between the RAM and Persist Tiers. Multiple Disk Tiers can be defined on different disks with different capacities and performance parameters. No Disk Tiers are required, but they can improve performance when the RAM Tier is at capacity.

A default storage limit and eviction thresholds can be set across all ranks for a given Disk Tier, while one or more ranks within a Disk Tier may be configured to override those defaults.

The general format for Disk settings:

tier.disk<#>.[default|rank<#>].<parameter>

Multiple Disk Tiers may be defined such as disk, disk0, disk1, ... etc. to support different tiering strategies that use any one of the Disk Tiers. A tier strategy can have, at most, one Disk Tier. Create multiple tier strategies to use more than one Disk Tier, one per strategy. See tier_strategy parameter for usage.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
tier.disk0.default.path	`${gaia.persist_directory}/diskcache`	Valid parameter names include: path : A base directory to use as a swap space for this tier. limit : The maximum disk usage (bytes) per rank for this tier across all resource groups. Default is `-1`, signifying no limit and ignore watermark settings. high_watermark : Disk percentage used eviction threshold. Once disk usage exceeds this value, evictions from this tier will be scheduled in the background and continue until the low_watermark percentage usage is reached. Default is `90`, signifying a 90% disk usage threshold. low_watermark : Disk percentage used recovery threshold. Once disk usage exceeds the high_watermark, evictions will continue until disk usage falls below this recovery threshold. Default is `80`, signifying a 80% disk usage threshold. store_persistent_objects : If true, allow the disk cache to store copies of data even if they are already stored in a persistent tier (persist/cold). Example default disk cache configuration using disk0: tier.disk0.default.path = /opt/gpudb/diskcache_0 tier.disk0.default.limit = -1 tier.disk0.default.high_watermark = 90 tier.disk0.default.low_watermark = 80 tier.disk0.default.store_persistent_objects = false
tier.disk0.default.limit	`-1`
tier.disk0.default.high_watermark	`90`
tier.disk0.default.low_watermark	`80`
tier.disk0.default.store_persistent_objects	`false`

Persist Tier

The Persist Tier is a single pseudo-tier that contains data in persistent form that survives between restarts. Although it also is a disk-based tier, its behavior is different from Disk Tiers: data for persistent objects is always present in the Persist Tier (or Cold Storage Tier, if configured), but may not be up-to-date at any given time.

A default storage limit and eviction thresholds can be set across all ranks, while one or more ranks may be configured to override those defaults. The Graph Solver engine may be given its own storage settings; however, it is not tiered, and therefore cannot have limit/watermark settings applied.

The general format for Persist settings:

tier.persist.[default|rank<#>|text<#>|graph<#>].<parameter>

Warning

In general, limits on the Persist Tier should only be set if one or more Cold Storage Tiers are configured. Without a supporting Cold Storage Tier to evict objects in the Persist Tier to, operations requiring space in the Persist Tier will fail when the limit is reached.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
tier.persist.default.path	`${gaia.persist_directory}`	Valid parameter names include: path : Base directory to store column and object vectors. storage : The storage volume corresponding to the persist tier, for managed storage volumes. Must be the vol<#> for a configured storage volume. Do not specify a default as each rank and graph server should have their own. storage volumes (unlisted, as there is no default value). limit : The maximum disk usage (bytes) per rank for this tier across all resource groups. Default is `-1`, signifying no limit and ignore watermark settings. high_watermark : Disk percentage used eviction threshold. Once disk usage exceeds this value, evictions from this tier to cold storage (if configured) will be scheduled in the background and continue until the low_watermark percentage usage is reached. Default is `90`, signifying a 90% disk usage threshold. low_watermark : Disk percentage used recovery threshold. Once disk usage exceeds the high_watermark, evictions will continue until disk usage falls below this recovery threshold. Default is `80`, signifying a 80% disk usage threshold. Note path and storage are the only applicable parameters for text and graph Example showing a rank0 configuration: tier.persist.rank0.path = /opt/data_rank0 tier.persist.rank0.storage = vol0 tier.persist.rank0.limit = -1 tier.persist.rank0.high_watermark = 90 tier.persist.rank0.low_watermark = 80
tier.persist.default.limit	`-1`
tier.persist.default.high_watermark	`90`
tier.persist.default.low_watermark	`80`

Cold Storage Tier

Cold Storage Tiers can be used to extend the storage capacity of the Persist Tier. Assign a tier strategy with cold storage to objects that will be infrequently accessed since they will be moved as needed from the Persist Tier. The Cold Storage Tier is typically a much larger capacity physical disk or a cloud-based storage system which may not be as performant as the Persist Tier storage.

A default storage limit and eviction thresholds can be set across all ranks for a given Cold Storage Tier, while one or more ranks within a Cold Storage Tier may be configured to override those defaults.

Note

If an object needs to be pulled out of cold storage during a query, it may need to use the local persist directory as a temporary swap space. This may trigger an eviction of other persisted items to cold storage due to low disk space condition defined by the watermark settings for the Persist Tier.

The general format for Cold Storage settings:

tier.cold<#>.[default|rank<#>].<parameter>

Multiple Cold Storage Tiers may be defined such as cold, cold0, cold1, ... etc. to support different tiering strategies that use any one of the Cold Storage Tiers. A tier strategy can have, at most, one Cold Storage Tier. Create multiple tier strategies to use more than one Cold Storage Tier, one per strategy. See tier_strategy parameter for usage.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
tier.cold0.default.type	`disk`	Valid parameter names include: type : The storage provider type. Currently supports `disk` (local/network storage), `hdfs` (Hadoop distributed filesystem), `azure` (Azure blob storage), `s3` (Amazon S3 bucket) and `gcs` (Google Cloud Storage bucket). base_path : A base path based on the provider type for this tier. wait_timeout : Timeout in seconds for reading from or writing to this storage provider. This value should ideally be less than the value for tier.global.concurrent_wait_timeout to allow concurrent queries sufficient time to acquire this resource during normal tiering operations with some slack to accomodate the request. connection_timeout : Timeout in seconds for connecting to this storage provider. use_managed_credentials: If true, use cloud provider user settings from the environment. If false, and no credentials are supplied, use anonymous access. This option applies only to `azure`, `gcs`, and `s3` providers. use_https : This optional field can be used to override the default scheme for the storage endpoint where applicable. If true, use the https scheme (default), otherwise use http. HDFS-specific parameter names: hdfs_uri : The host IP address & port for the hadoop distributed file system. For example: hdfs://localhost:8020 hdfs_principal : The effective principal name to use when connecting to the hadoop cluster. hdfs_use_kerberos : Set to `true` to enable Kerberos authentication to an HDFS storage server. The credentials of the principal are in the file specified by the hdfs_kerberos_keytab parameter. Note that Kerberos's kinit command will be run when the database is started. hdfs_kerberos_keytab : The Kerberos keytab file used to authenticate the `gpudb` Kerberos principal. Amazon S3-specific parameter names: s3_bucket_name s3_region (optional) s3_endpoint (optional) s3_aws_access_key_id (optional) s3_aws_secret_access_key (optional) s3_aws_role_arn (optional) s3_encryption_type : This is optional and valid values are sse-s3 (Encryption key is managed by Amazon S3) and sse-kms (Encryption key is managed by AWS Key Management Service (kms)). s3_kms_key_id : This is optional and must be specified when encryption type is sse-kms. s3_encryption_customer_algorithm : This is optional and must be specified when encryption type is sse-c. s3_encryption_customer_key : This is optional and must be specified when encryption type is sse-c. s3_use_virtual_addressing : If true (default), S3 endpoints will be constructed using the virtual style which includes the bucket name as part of the hostname. Set to false to use the path style which treats the bucket name as if it is a path in the URI. s3_verify_ssl : Set to false for testing purposes when it's necessary to get pass TLS errors. This value is true by default, and should not be changed in a production environment. Note If s3_aws_access_key_id and/or s3_aws_secret_access_key values are not specified, they may instead be provided by the AWS CLI or via the respective AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY environment variables. Microsoft Azure-specific parameter names: azure_container_name azure_storage_account_name azure_endpoint (optional) Specifies access to an Azure Private Link service. azure_storage_account_key (optional) An Azure 'Access key' linked to a Storage account. azure_sas_token (optional) A Shared Access Signature token. Google Cloud Storage-specific parameter names: gcs_bucket_name gcs_project_id (optional) gcs_service_account_id (optional) gcs_service_account_private_key (optional) gcs_service_account_keys (optional) Note If the gcs_service_account_id, gcs_service_account_private_key and/or gcs_service_account_keys values are not specified, the Google Clould Client Libraries will attempt to find and use service account credentials from the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable.
tier.cold0.default.base_path	`/mnt/gpudb/cold_storage`
tier.cold0.default.wait_timeout	`90`
tier.cold0.default.connection_timeout	`1`

Tier Strategy

Configuration Parameter Default Value Description

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
tier_strategy.default	`VRAM 1, RAM 5, DISK0 5, PERSIST 5`	Default strategy to apply to tables or columns when one was not provided during table creation. This strategy is also applied to a resource group that does not specify one at time of creation. The strategy is formed by chaining together the tier types and their respective eviction priorities. Any given tier may appear no more than once in the chain and the priority must be in range `1` - `10`, where `1` is the lowest priority (first to be evicted) and `9` is the highest priority (last to be evicted). A priority of `10` indicates that an object is unevictable. Each tier's priority is in relation to the priority of other objects in the same tier; e.g., `RAM 9, DISK2 1` indicates that an object will be the highest evictable priority among objects in the RAM Tier (last evicted), but that it will be the lowest priority among objects in the Disk Tier named disk2 (first evicted). Note that since an object can only have one Disk Tier instance in its strategy, the corresponding priority will only apply in relation to other objects in Disk Tier instance disk2. See the Tiered Storage section for more information about tier type names. Format: <tier1> <priority>, <tier2> <priority>, <tier3> <priority>, ... Examples using a Disk Tier named disk2 and a Cold Storage Tier cold0: vram 3, ram 5, disk2 3, persist 10 vram 3, ram 5, disk2 3, persist 6, cold0 10
tier_strategy.predicate_evaluation_interval	`60`	Predicate evaluation interval (in minutes) - indicates the interval at which the tier strategy predicates are evaluated

tier_strategy.default

VRAM 1, RAM 5, DISK0 5, PERSIST 5

Default strategy to apply to tables or columns when one was not provided during table creation. This strategy is also applied to a resource group that does not specify one at time of creation.

The strategy is formed by chaining together the tier types and their respective eviction priorities. Any given tier may appear no more than once in the chain and the priority must be in range 1 - 10, where 1 is the lowest priority (first to be evicted) and 9 is the highest priority (last to be evicted). A priority of 10 indicates that an object is unevictable.

Each tier's priority is in relation to the priority of other objects in the same tier; e.g., RAM 9, DISK2 1 indicates that an object will be the highest evictable priority among objects in the RAM Tier (last evicted), but that it will be the lowest priority among objects in the Disk Tier named disk2 (first evicted). Note that since an object can only have one Disk Tier instance in its strategy, the corresponding priority will only apply in relation to other objects in Disk Tier instance disk2.

See the Tiered Storage section for more information about tier type names.

Format:

<tier1> <priority>, <tier2> <priority>, <tier3> <priority>, ...

Examples using a Disk Tier named disk2 and a Cold Storage Tier cold0:

vram 3, ram 5, disk2 3, persist 10
vram 3, ram 5, disk2 3, persist 6, cold0 10

tier_strategy.predicate_evaluation_interval 60 Predicate evaluation interval (in minutes) - indicates the interval at which the tier strategy predicates are evaluated

Default Resource Group

Resource groups are used to enforce simultaneous memory, disk and thread usage limits for all users within a given group. Users not assigned to a specific resource group will be placed within this default group. Tier-based limits are applied on top of existing rank tier limits.

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
resource_group.default.schedule_priority	`50`	The scheduling priority for this group's operations, `1` - `100`, where `1` is the lowest priority and `100` is the highest
resource_group.default.max_tier_priority	`10`	The maximum eviction priority for tiered objects, `1` - `10`. This supercedes any priorities that are set by any user provided tiering strategies.
resource_group.default.max_cpu_concurrency	`-1`	Maximum number of concurrent data operations; minimum is `4`; `-1` for no limit
resource_group.default.vram_limit	`-1`	The maximum memory (bytes) this group can use at any given time in the VRAM tier; `-1` for no limit
resource_group.default.ram_limit	`-1`	The maximum memory (bytes) this group can use at any given time in the RAM tier; `-1` for no limit
resource_group.default.data_limit	`-1`	The maximum memory (bytes) this group can cumulatively use in the RAM tier; `-1` for no limit

Storage Volumes

When persisted rank data is stored on attached external storage volumes, the following config entries are used to automatically attach and mount the volume upon migration of a rank to another host. Attaching and mounting is performed by the script specified by np1.storage_api_script.

The general format for storage volumes:

storage.volumes.vol<#>.<parameter>

Volumes are numbered starting at zero and match the number of ranks plus additional volumes to match graph servers.

Valid parameter names include:

fs_uuid : The UUID identifier for the volume on the cloud provider.
id : The cloud identifier of the volume.
mount_point : The local path to mount the cloud volume. The folder must exist and be owned by gpudb.

Example:

storage.volumes.vol0.fs_uuid = my_vol_uuid
storage.volumes.vol0.id = /subscriptions/my_az_subscription_uuid/resourceGroups/my_az_rg/providers/Microsoft.Compute/
storage.volumes.vol0.mount_point = /opt/data_rank0

KiFS

Settings for KiFS, Kinetica's global file storage. There are two ways to configure KiFS:

(Default) Leave the settings empty. This runs KiFS in the Persist Tier.
Configure cold storage to host KiFS.

For option 2, the settings are identical to those of a cold tier as previously described in the Cold Storage Tier section, except prefixed by kifs instead of tier.cold<#>.rank<#>. All cold tier types are supported. If the disk type is used, the base path must be mounted on all hosts.

Example configuration for disk:

kifs.type = disk
kifs.base_path = /opt/gpudb/kifs
kifs.wait_timeout = 10
kifs.connection_timeout = 30

Example configuration for AWS S3:

kifs.type = s3
kifs.base_path = gpudb/
kifs.wait_timeout = 10
kifs.connection_timeout = 30
kifs.s3_bucket_name = my-kinetica-bucket-name
kifs.s3_aws_access_key_id = my-aws-access-key
kifs.s3_aws_secret_access_key = my-aws-secret-key
kifs.s3_aws_role_arn = my-aws-role-arn
kifs.s3_encryption_type = my-s3-encryption-type
kifs.s3_kms_key_id = my-kms-key-id
kifs.s3_encryption_customer_algorithm = my-encryption-algorithm
kifs.s3_encryption_customer_key = my-encryption-key
kifs.use_managed_credentials = false

See Cold Storage Tier section for examples of Azure, Google Cloud Storage and HDFS settings

Configuration Parameter	Default Value	Description
kifs.options.directory_data_limit	`4294967296`	The default maximum capacity of a KiFS directory (bytes); `-1` for no limit